Atomic structure
Every particle in this universe is divisible
for example : a piece of chalk can be smashed into chalk powder .
a loaf of bread can be made into crumbs of bread
like wise every particle can be divide
"A hard,dense,indivisible ,smallest particle is called atom."
This is proposed by J.J. Dalton . But the people criticized that some elements(radioactive elements or gas) like uranium emits radiation . Then they came to a conclusion that
Atoms are divisible.
then there raised a question that what the components of the atoms are.
a experiment was conducted to find the components of atoms. 
A cathode (a metallic conductor in which electrons are ejected) is attached with negative end of a battery in one end of a closed glass container which is filled with gas at low temperature . in the another end anode is attached. Anode is also a metallic conductor. Electricity is passed through this setup.
At the end of this experiment , the cathode ejected a beam of electrons which appeared like a light green colour on the another end ,is observed.
As a result of this experiment, they found that the light green colour is due to the cathode rays ejected from cathode.
As a result of this experiment, they found that the light green colour is due to the cathode rays ejected from cathode.
Properties of cathode rays.
⏩ They originates from cathode
⏩ They travel in a straight line
⏩ They exert mechanical pressure
⏩ They deflect towards positive terminal in applied electric field
⏩ They deflect in magnetic field also
⏩ They form shadow in their path. It shows that they have particle characters
⏩ They are independent of the nature of the cathode metal and the nature of the gas.
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